The company continues to have a strong R & D effort to support the commercial roll out of the PleuraFlow® product. Two of our pre clinical studies were published in internationally recognized peer reviewed journals. In a head to head comparison with a same sized conventional chest tube in the setting of heavy bleeding, the PleuraFlow® drained far more, and significantly prevented residual hemothorax. This article, entitled, “Improved Drainage with Active Tube Clearance”, was published in Interactive CardioVascular Thoracic Surgery (2010;10:685-688). When the 20Fr. Minimally invasive system was tested against a 32 Fr conventional tube, again there was superior drainage with the PleuraFlow® System. This is the first time ever a small diameter tube has not only been found to be equivalent in flow to a larger tube, but in fact superior. This article, entitled, “Superior Chest Drainage with an Active Tube Clearance System: Evaluation of a Downsized Chest Tube” is published in this months New Technology section of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery (91: 580-583, 2011). In a clinical user preference study performed at the Montreal Heart Institute, surgeons found the system easy to insert and it did not add any time to the procedure. The intensive care nurses in this study found the device easy to use, effective and time efficient in clearing clot from the tubes. This study is being submitted for publications by the heart surgeons in Montreal.